Response to Intervention


Implementing institution: Achievement for All

Country: United Kingdom

Source: Education Endowment Foundation

Execution period: 2013

Plataforma de Prácticas Efectivas:

Challenges

To reduce existing gaps between students, with respect to their ability to learn to read.

Solution

A program of small group reinforcement and individualized reading, focused on the specific characteristics of the students.

Results

Comparison of results before and at the end of the intervention revealed a positive impact of 0.19 SD on students' reading abilities.

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a comprehensive reading reinforcement program for children with reading difficulties between elementary and secondary school. The initiative was developed by “Achievement for All” and implemented in 2013 by the Centre for Use of Research Evidence in Education (CUREE). To achieve impact on target groups, the two organizations work closely with the educational community and state bodies in England.

Since the RTI program is based on a personalized intervention, the first stage consists of identifying the needs of the students through a “Close-case Analysis Tool” in key axes such as comprehension of a text, vocabulary management, reading fluency, etc. From the results of the diagnosis, a profile of the student is carried out that determines the degree of intensity of the intervention. In this respect, RTI contains 3 modalities: The first one is a group intervention that includes all members of the class, while the second one is a small group work, and the third one is an individual tutorial.

Small group reinforcement sessions are based on a teacher encouraging peer-assisted learning. In this way, different techniques for the comprehension of a content (identification of words, self-questioning, repetitive reading, etc.) are reviewed and additional courses are given in grammar and vocabulary.

The individual sessions are aimed at those who present the greatest difficulties. This is an intensive tutorial that reviews the same contents mentioned above, but with a close monitoring of the student’s progress through a standardized tool (“Progress Tracking Tools”). For the purpose of the program, teachers are trained for 3 days in the basic concepts of the RTI methodology.

In England, the schooling of children at elementary and secondary levels covers almost the entire population of attendance age (99.85% and 98.28% respectively in the year 2014). Net participation rates have been growing since 2006, especially at the secondary level (up 6 percentage points). However, the OECD’s International Program for Student Assessment Report, or PISA Report, has highlighted a decline in reading literacy levels in part of the 15-year-old English population since 2011.

Between 2013 and 2014, a Durham University team evaluated the impacts of the Response to Intervention (RTI) program on the reading skills of grade 6 students. The experimental study with this group was done under the “waiting list” modality, where of the 85 schools selected, half received the intervention in the first year of implementation, while the second received it the following year. The students took two tests before and at the end of the intervention: the “New Group Reading Test” (NGRT) and the “Progress in English test” (NGRTA).

The comparison of the results before and at the end of the intervention revealed a positive impact of 0.19 SD on the students’ reading abilities. Thanks to a round of interviews with teachers, the qualitative analysis also revealed positive effects of the program on children’s confidence and self-esteem. However, the average results on the NGRTA test recorded a negative impact of 0.09 SD. These contradictory results are the result of shortcomings in the conduct of the study (24 schools left before closing), so the evaluation team recommends further investigation of the impacts of RTI.

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