Teacher Community Assistant


Implementing institution: Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)

Country: Ghana

Source: IPA

Execution period: 2010 - in progress

Plataforma de Prácticas Efectivas:

Challenges

Increase elementary school students' reading and math skills by complementing and improving the Teacher Community Assistant Initiative (TCAI) program through a focus on vulnerable students.

Solution

The innovation proposes 4 types of instruments: Reinforcement sessions in classes and others outside school hours, reduction of class size and teacher training.

Results

Class sessions have increased students' abilities by 0.142 standard deviation, while sessions outside school hours have increased them by 0.133.

The Teacher Community Assistant Initiative (TCAI), based on experiences identified in India and Kenya, was implemented on a larger scale by a consortium led by the Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). It is a broad public-private alliance, formed by Ghana Education Service (GES), Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT) and Ghana Youth Employment and Entrepreneurial Development Agency (GYEEDA).

 

As it had been done in India and Kenya, the central focus of TCAI was the provision of reinforcement sessions by pedagogical assistants recruited from nearby communities, who had to be graduates of a state university and reside in the area where the school was located. The added value of TCAI lies in the introduction of two complementary instruments: the division of classes into small homogeneous groups; and the training of teachers in pedagogy oriented towards students with difficulty, and group work.

 

The reinforcement sessions given by a Community Assistant Professor (TCA), were tested in their two modalities between 2010 and 2013. Those modalities were: one implemented in classes, and another one, outside school hours. Both focused on vulnerable and struggling children in order to reinforce key skills, such as reading and math.

 

The two interventions that imply a prior identification of students based on their school results are complemented by a third and fourth intervention, which refer to: reducing class size by forming small homogeneous working groups, in terms of skills, to review the learning acquired; and in training teachers in teaching in small groups.

 

The whole process was based on the restructuring of the community-teacher relationship, with the formation of school management committees made up of teachers, principals and community leaders. These committees were in charge of identifying potential Teaching Assistants, monitoring their classroom performance, and contributing to the provision of necessary materials and infrastructure.

In Ghana, the net participation of children at the elementary level is now almost widespread (91.1%). It is worth mentioning that the progression was very significant, since in 2006 only 66% of children participated in the system. However, the improvement in student performance in elementary school was not proportional. A national evaluation of the education system showed that in 2011, only 24.2% of third grade students achieved a satisfactory level of English, while 18% achieved a satisfactory level in mathematics. To some extent, this is related to the low levels of professionalization of teachers (only 30% were trained in 2010).

The Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) conducted an evaluation of each intervention to determine which one had the best impact on student performance. Based on a representative sample of 500 primary schools in 42 provinces, the IPA team formed 5 groups from 100 schools. The first four groups corresponded to one intervention, while the last group did not receive any. The students’ skills in terms of reading, listening and mathematical thinking were assessed before and after the intervention. The comparison of the results of each group has shown higher cost-benefit ratios for the reinforcement sessions, at a cost of USD$ 20.2/student: class sessions have increased students’ abilities by 0.142 standard deviation; sessions outside school hours, have done so at 0.133 (at an equivalent cost); the division of students into small groups according to their abilities has increased their capacities by 0.133 standard deviation at a cost of USD$19.4; and finally, teacher training of 0.083 SD for a cost of US$ 12.6.

 

Impact of interventions:

Charts: Impact measured in standard deviations of the intervention group compared to the control group

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